The Earth’s elliptical orbit around the Sun leads to two significant points: perihelion and aphelion. At perihelion, about two weeks after the December solstice, Earth is closest to the Sun, earth aphelion. Conversely, at aphelion, approximately two weeks after the June solstice, Earth is farthest from the Sun. This variation affects our seasons, with summer in the Northern Hemisphere coinciding with aphelion.